Field · 219 posts

Artificial Intelligence

Machines that learn. Below, everything that touches this field, including pieces that live mostly in neighboring territory.

The collection

All of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence

On Its Head

On Its Head You Can Only Manage What You Can’t Measure Inside the box thinking Why Optimization Is Often Sub-Optimal Simplicity Is Overrated Right-Brain Analytics The New LBO: Left-Brain Outsourcing The Return…

89 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Biases as Sampling Limitations

Understanding Cognitive Biases Through a Sampling Limitations Framework: A Comprehensive Review and Theoretical Integration Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework that…

34 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive One-Way Functions

A one-way function is a fundamental concept in cryptography that's relatively easy to compute in one direction but extremely difficult to reverse. Let me explain with an example: Think of mixing paint colors -…

26 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Recall vs Recognition

Here’s a clear comparison between recall and recognition, showing their differences in task demands and neuro-cognitive mechanisms. 1. Example Tasks Type Example Task Cognitive Demand --- --- --- Free Recall…

18 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Evolution is Accelerating

As a 30-year groupie of evolutionary computation, I am particularly sensitive to this trend: evolutionary AI is on the rise. The latest case in point, of course is @google deepmind’s AlphaEvolve, which uses…

5 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Don’t Judge an Article by Its Title

I was heartbroken when Harvard Business Review editors decided to title my 2003 article “Don’t Trust Your Gut” ( certainly a buzzier catchphrase than “How To Leverage Your Intuition With Analytics” or other…

4 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Reeks and Wrecks does not have to be the future

Kurt Vonnegut’s 152 novel, Player Piano, feels terrifyingly prescient: a dystopian society where machines and computers have replaced most human workers, leaving only engineers and managers with meaningful…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI Solves Million-Step Math Problems

That's the title of a short IEEE Spectrum piece ( and a case in point as a second follow-up to Hugging Face's Thomas Wolf's post on how mediocre current hashtagAI systems, particularly hashtagLLMs, are at…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Personal utopia vs. Immanentizing the eschaton

My mind was a little bit prepared this time. I love how Ethan Mollick shares his thoughts. And I love Bruce Sterling (the Sci Fi author who asked me a question about heuristocrats at etech 2006, a proud…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

If AI alone > (AI + Human) > Human alone, what is that telling us?

Recent studies of AI in medicine, particularly in imagery and diagnostic reasoning, have surfaced an alarming trend if we are to believe in AI as a way to augment human abilities: an expert aided by AI is not…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Sorry but AGI is not a helpful concept

In a short Nature commentary "Does AI already have human-level intelligence? The evidence is clear," ( authors Eddy Keming Chen, Mikhail Belkin, Leon Bergen, and David Danks argue that the long-standing goal…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Complexity Science

In a stimulating post (link in the comments), @bloomberg beta’s @roy bahat highlighted a fascinating 2017 (yes, 8 years ago!) study from this dense urban center that is @the university of Illinois…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Human Nature, Unleashed!

Thank you for that post Conor Grennan. In a comment, Eric Fraser makes a great point -as someone who TRIED to use Coq, I can say that the learning curve is steep. On the other hand, the typical hashtaggenAI…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI may lower the floor and raise the ceiling, but these are two very different things

The idea that AI can empower beginners and non-experts as well as turbocharge the abilities and talent of experts is nicely summarized in this expression: AI can lower the floor and raise the ceiling. In other…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Democracy-as-a-wrapper

If you build a company that depends critically on another company's technology, your business is at the whim of that other company's strategy. It happened before with Google (e.g., changes in its ranking…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Becoming a Super-Scientist

I am a scientist with lots of ideas, all the time. But I make a lot of calculation errors, and I am a slow coder. Most of my ideas go untested. On the flip side, I can easily and quickly verify whether a…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

ACH

Jeremy Levin, my biggest issue with ACH has always been how flippantly the "CH" part of it has been treated compared to the quasi-monopolistic focus on the "A": where do the competing hypotheses come from, how…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Evolving Surprises

A recent article about "hashtagAI Deception" ("AI deception: A survey of examples, risks, and potential solutions": reviews some AI systems' "ability to deceive via techniques such as manipulation, sycophancy,…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The Beta-Lactam Band and the Bogus Upsides

The @PNAS paper by Reese A. K. Richardson (Northwestern University), Spencer S. Hong (Northwestern University), Jennifer A. Byrne (University of Sydney), Luís A. Nunes Amaral (Northwestern University), “The…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The future belongs to curators!

In his 60 minutes interview with Anderson Cooper two years ago, legendary music producer Rick Rubin gave viewers, as usual, incredible insights into his success and also about the future (of humans and AI).…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Occam’s razor

In this recent Scientific American article, a well known historian of science provides a rather misleading description of Occam's razor or, more precisely, offers "counterexamples" that are not. The author's…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Who Is the Endosymbiont?

In a fun and short speculative PNAS article titled “Could humans and AI become a new evolutionary individual?” (PNAS 122 (2025) No. 37 e250122122), Paul Rainey (Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology in…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Coalesix

Before Insilico Medicine, Recursion, Atomwise and many others, CoalesiX, launched in 2006, used another form of AI, Evolutionary Computation (EC), to turbocharge the ability of medicinal chemists to explore a…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Proving a theorem is a one-way function

With all the healthy chatter about "verifiability" ignited by Andrej Karpathy, I want to point out that even if "verifying" (a program) can be hard, it is still easier than coming up with a good idea for a…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

This has nothing to do with AGI

An interesting paper by the research nonprofit METR (Model Evaluation & Threat Research) titled "Measuring AI Ability to Complete Long Tasks"(link in comments) has been generating some deserved buzz. But it…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Exact Instructions

This 8-years old video by Josh Gaines (aka Josh Darnit) has re-emerged recently —for good reason! (Notice the super intentional emdash). The Exact Instructions Challenge is a great reminder that "English is…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Time Spent Eating (cheese)

At a time of tense relationships between the USA and Europe, I think I have found the reason . When you are a French-American citizen, you have to entertain two opposing ideas at all times : a leisurely lunch…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

LegoGPT is here

Some 27 years ago, I was so impressed by Pablo Funes' work (with his PhD advisor the always ideating Jordan Pollack) (P. Funes and J.B. Pollack, “Evolutionary Body Building: Adaptive Physical Designs for…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Explosive Preprint about the AI "Leaderboard Illusion"

TL;DR: leaderboard rankings are unreliable This picture is worth a t̶h̶o̶u̶s̶a̶n̶d̶ billion words . Based on an preprint on the ArXiv server (The Leaderboard Illusion) by a team led by Shivalika Singh, Marzieh…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The Perils of the Imitation Age

After yesterday's post on the narrow search effect (how prior beliefs influence how you search for information, leading [usually] to search results that tend to confirm and/or reinforce said beliefs) I decided…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Bernard Pivot left a lasting impression on me for a somewhat forgotten project

A beloved French TV personality, Bernard Pivot passed away two weeks ago at 8. His literary shows, including his flagships "Apostrophes" and "Bouillon de Culture", were cultural gems, which inspired James…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Personal Echo Chambers

A study by Eugine Leung and Oleg Urminsky showed up in my feed today through Richard Hahn by way of Stefano Puntoni (thank you all!!). "The narrow search effect and how broadening search promotes belief…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI hashtagagents, evolution is coming for you

Ok, by evolution I mean evolutionary computing (EC), meaning algorithms inspired by natural evolution such as genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, genetic programming and more. Why? Everyone, their…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Stop the "it's just next-token prediction" nonsense

I have heard or read this so many times it is infuriating: LLMs are not smart because they just do "next-token prediction". Whether or not LLMs are smart or can reason or have feelings (they don't ), they are…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Can you model biology mechanistically?

That’s the title of blog post by @jesse johnson, Scaling Biotech. I believe, with characteristic humility, that the question is ill-posed, even though the framework the author proposes can be useful in…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Agentic workflows are a pipe dream...

...until a large number of vulnerabilities can be addressed. The “vibe workflow” mindset that has dominated the agentic space is creating a ton of opportunities for bad actors to exploit and a lot of failure…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Delusions of grandeur and debates about illusions of thinking obscure from the actual, practical usefulness of AI

I have had it with the pointless AGI talk (will it be 2027, 2035, or is "it" already here?), the slow singularity (can you feel it?) but also the recent flare up about whether LLMs are "thinking". Both the…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Spiritual

This may be controversial. But useful for the many who are "spiritual but not religious". Most organized religions create a sense of community and have regular practices, some individuals, most collective.…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Can AI solve Science?

Wow, I find myself agreeing with Stephen Wolfram much more than I expected! It is also possible, as I am almost certain he would argue, that I fully misunderstood his points. But I think he nails it on many…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

DeepSeek

At the start of 2025, DeepSeek AI took the Western AI ecosystem by storm. The team was able to meet or beat state-of-the-art benchmark targets with a smaller, clever model running on non-state-of-the-art GPUs…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Reward hacking, constraint hacking and the infinite complexity of intent

I have been thinking a lot about “surprising behavior,” including unintended consequences, from algorithms that rely one way or another on optimization under constraint. That includes a lot of AI models as…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

A small change in the title of a report led by MIT makes a big difference in interpretation

In one version of the report ( the authors discuss the Iceberg Index, a measure of "where AI capabilities overlap with human skills before adoption crystallizes" in a sort of digital twin of the US labor…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

A small change in the title of a report led by MIT makes a big difference in interpretation

In one version of the report ( the authors discuss the Iceberg Index, a measure of "where AI capabilities overlap with human skills before adoption crystallizes" in a sort of digital twin of the US labor…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Productivity gains from using AI are captured by individuals, not organizations

Companies are seeing small to moderate gains from genAI ( even though an increasing percentage of people are using AI at work, 30%-60% across many disciplines. A quick look at the list of tasks compiled…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Click Not

I have always been slightly uncomfortable with the idea of "ambient AI", AI that listens and watches you and makes decisions on your behalf because "it knows you." The problem, for me, is that it can nudge…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

When Not to Use AI as a Cognitive Escalator

There is this concept of AI-driven cognitive atrophy going around. It may happen, there is ample evidence that our ability to perform some tasks degrades when we stop performing them. But the key here is to…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Novelty and Camouflage

The title of a recent preprint from an @amd team (Chaitanya Manem, Pratik Prabhanjan Brahma, Prakamya Mishra, Zicheng Liu and Emad Barsoum) got me excited for a moment: “SAND-Math: Using LLMs to Generate…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

How to compose LLMs adaptively

Fun preprint I just came across through the ICLR 2025 submissions site ( Even though it is still a preprint, there have been extensive reviews. First, I think the authors from Google, Google DeepMind, Google…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Chesky disappointment (Aspen)

I am utterly disappointed in “nice guy” @brian chesky’s unwavering support of @sam altman. Chesky’s description of his role during the short firing of Altman from OpenAI is nothing short of sycophantic: poor…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Stack Overflow

Many have seen this chart of the "number of questions asked on stack overflow" over time and concluded, rightly, that ChatGPT precipitated its demise. The story is more complicated, and some it is explained in…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Changing Times Twice a Year Is (Probably) Bad for Your Health

A clever computational model leveraging differential exposures to daylight by US location and the CDC PLACES health data by county was used to determine the possible health outcomes of switching from the…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Slightly outside of my area of expertise?

Sometimes a Quanta Magazine article makes me feel like I understand something very complex and it is only when I try to explain it to someone else, or to myself, that I realize I didn't understand much at all.…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Foundation Rwanda

This is very different from what I usually write about. The podcast Rwanda Rising ( is an ode to humanity and resilience, hope and even joy in the face of unspeakable evil. Agatha (Agathe) is a genocide…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Spooky, and sometimes brilliant, ideas from AI in science

This article from @Anil Ananthaswamy for @quanta magazine (my favorite science magazine!) delivers a concise description of my own experience of using AI for scientific discovery: - Hallucinations are a…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Enough with AGI, please

Apparently an OpenAI employee claims that they have already achieved hashtagAGI, or perhaps AGI-, not AGI++: "better than most humans at most tasks". I find this annoying and problematic. Annoying because some…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AX is the new UX

This graph is from an article in The Economist on 7/14/2025 (AI is killing the web. Can anything save it?). The first-order interpretation is that traditional search is imploding: people are increasingly…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

On the "hallucination problem"

I always struggle a bit with I'm asked about the "hallucination problem" in LLMs. Because, in some sense, hallucination is all LLMs do. They are dream machines. We direct their dreams with prompts. The prompts…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AX is the new UX, part II

A super interesting article in PNAS, "AI–AI bias: Large language models favor communications generated by large language models" by Walter Laurito (FZI Research Center for Information Technology), Benjamin…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Why Programming Was Never About Code

“I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” — Thomas Watson, 143, showing more restraint than npm package authors In lieu of my favorite cartoons, I will be sharing a sequence of spot-on,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

You can't tell the difference between AI Slop and great content in your job? Consider another profession.

There is something happening in all kinds of business contexts, but most prevalent in the expensive content business, aka consulting: a lot of mediocre content (AI slop) is being generated by AI tools,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Evolution is definitely back, Part II

At a recent "Workshop on AI in the Cloud" at UC Berkeley organized by Industry-Academia Partnership (IAP, see Ion Stoica (UC Berkeley Professor and a co-founder of Databricks, Anyscale, LMArena) gave a…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI-augmented work moves collectively towards areas richest in data

That's an observation from "Artificial intelligence tools expand scientists’ impact but contract science’s focus," an article by 郝千越, Fengli Xu, Yong LI and James Evans that has been circulating as a preprint…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Ted Chiang and [Terence Tao](https://www.linkedin.com/in/terence-tao-621246/): art, math and AI

There is much I dislike about Ted Chiang's manifesto in The New Yorker two weeks ago ( But his narrow understanding of AI, and specifically gen AI and LLMs, is a topic for another time. A more positive take…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

An artistic Turing Test from the 160s

I found a description of the following experiment at (an intriguing discussion of AlphaGo's famous "random" or "genius" move 37). These two pictures were presented in 166 by A. Michael Noll, a Bell Labs…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Precision

Precision matters. Or why English is NOT the new programming language. I really like Erik Brynjolfsson's work and thinking. This figure from his 2022 article in the American Academy of Arts & Sciences Daedalus…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Vibe reporting at MIT

We deserve better than a vague, self-serving, oversimplifying, unserious, overhyped “report” about the 5% failure rate of AI pilots in organizations (@kervin Werbach has a great post about this marketing…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Advantage from AI

Finally, a sound reminder that AI, in and of itself, is not creating a NEW, SUSTAINABLE advantage for companies that adopt it. The article, by Jay Barney and Martin Reeves in the upcoming issue of Harvard…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Marshmallow evidence

On the topic of "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence", I always thought that the claims made from Stranford's Walter Mischel's famous "Marshmallow Test" required better evidence. For example,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Generative exaggeration

As we're witnessing generative exaggeration in humans on social media discussing LLM social agents (or artificial social crustaceans as David Ha would put it), a timely article by Walter Quattrociocchi and…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

LLM Average?

I really, really enjoy Jeremy Howard 's thoughts... usually. A few weeks ago, he came up with a thread on X (as older people, formerly known as Twitter ) ( that can be summarized by one the posts: "Absolutely…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Software is Dead (not)

A 2001 picture of Salesforce founder Marc Benioff feels very relevant. The rather indiscriminate "saaspocalypse" and its modern prophets of software doom should remember that back in 2001, according to…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Probably not thinking enough about it!

12 years ago, as an ignorant and self-confident (the two often come as a bundle) founding Dean of Computational Sciences, I discovered Allen Downey's blog and books and used them as inspiration to create a…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Jack Cowan

Thank you for that Charles H. Martin, PhD. I am lucky to have collaborated with Jack Cowan at Bios Group in the 10s, where he regaled us with how he had actually worked and became friends with McCulloch and…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

1,000 Simultaneous Experiments

Lots of insights to unpack in Gigi Levy-Weiss's latest post on the NFX blog. And perhaps a few provocative ideas that don't apply everywhere all the time. But it captures the zeitgeist and zeroes in on…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

1,000 experiments

Lots of insights to unpack in Gigi Levy-Weiss's latest post on the NFX blog. And perhaps a few provocative ideas that don't apply everywhere all the time. But it captures the zeitgeist and zeroes in on…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The "G" in hashtagAGI is sending everyone down a deep and jagged rabbit hole

I love love love Jim Fan's commentary on OpenAI's o3 latest FrontierMath benchmark results, in some ways a super-intelligence tour de force. I like the concept of "single-point [RL] super-intelligence" the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The lazy and the curious

I don't know Lauren Ducrey but she recently posted what I think is the most concise summary of the uses of hashtaggenAI: "This is my biggest question when I'm using AI: Am I being lazy or am I being curious?"…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Jagged AGI is not really AGI

I totally agree with Ethan Mollick's assessment. Notwithstanding the fact that I am tired of AGI, I would go a little further. A slightly different task can indeed produce a drastically different performance,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Teaching LLMs to reason like Bayesians

I didn't pay much attention to this article ("Bayesian teaching enables probabilistic reasoning in large language models", Linlu Qiu, Fei Sha, Kelsey Allen, Yoon Kim, Tal Linzen & Sjoerd van Steenkiste, Nat…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Terence Tao

I love to read about Terence Tao's incredibly insightful experience reports with gen AI, in particular with chatGPT and now the new o1-preview model ( His goal when using an AI is to support him in solving…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Managers who can’t understand a solution

On 12/2/18, I saw my name for the first time in print in the US [the very first press mention came in Le Monde on 12/2/15 for a Science Magazine article] based on an interview with Sue Goetinck Ambrose of the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

GitHub Registry

My apologies for being all over the place today, that's the problem when living at the intersection of AI, bio and aging. But one piece of news yesterday caught my attention: GitHub announced the launch of the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Use cases gone wild with Dunning-Kruger AI

One consequence of the current genAI hype is companies, large and small, rushing to apply it to use cases that are either inappropriate or for which the technology is not yet ready. Of course, the more…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

(Lack of) Creative Control

A new wave of AI generation tools for images and videos has triggered a lot of excitement and fear. The reaction goes something like this: "Wow! Look at how realistic this image is. Can you tell this image is…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Burger Joint Prompt Injection

Bruce Schneier and Barath Raghavan nail it in this short and delightful article in IEEE Spectrum. Imagine you work at a drive-through restaurant. Someone drives up and says: “I’ll have a double cheeseburger,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Doomprompting is the new doomscrolling

That's the title of a fantastic blog post by Anu A. (link in the comments). The snapshot from jack friks is from the post and I included it because I can relate soooooo much. Another nugget comes from a link…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Are hashtagLLMs complex (alien) biological systems?

It's a fascinating exploration of Anthropic's Claude 3.5 Haiku model. Lots of interesting findings based on the concept of "attribution graphs", which reveal computational graphs in LLMs, showing how different…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Wall Street still doesn’t understand AI

Can't argue with the title of this SEMAFOR article by Reed Albergotti. Yes, this week (or the past month) was Anthropic's DeepSeek moment on Wall Street. But this time it was felt broadly by the "software…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The ONE thing I find most exciting about hashtagDeepSeek

I am late to the armchair quarterbacking on DeepSeek, as I wanted to let the dust settle a little before forming an opinion. I think this work by a team from HKU, University of California, Berkeley, Google…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI Fatigue: Reflections on the Human Side of AI’s Rapid Advancement

A Communications of the ACM article ( with that title by Victor Dibia, PhD of Microsoft Research summarizes how many people in the field (people whose job it is to keep up with AI research) feel, especially if…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

"It's the best time to be alive, when almost everything you thought you knew is wrong"

My favorite line from Arcadia, a 13 play by Tom Stoppard, the incredibly smart and witty British playwright and writer who passed away this week at 88. Funnily enough, Arcadia is not mentioned in his BBC…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

How Might Artificial Intelligence Influence Human Evolution?

An intriguing article, "How Might Artificial Intelligence Influence Human Evolution?" by Robert C Brooks (UNSW in Sydney) is exploring the possible impact of hashtagAI on the hashtagevolution of our species…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Jagged Fascination

The concept of "jagged frontier", introduced about two years ago (Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Edward McFowland III, Ethan Mollick, Dr. H /Hila Lifshitz (Hán, X也), Katherine Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, PhD,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Jagged Fascination

The concept of "jagged frontier", introduced about two years ago (Fabrizio Dell'Acqua, Edward McFowland III, Ethan Mollick, Dr. H /Hila Lifshitz (Hán, X也), Katherine Kellogg, Saran Rajendran, Lisa Krayer, PhD,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

ChatGPT is not a doctor

I find this article by Rachel Draelos, MD, PhD super insightful. Beyond the obvious implications for medicine, it also raises questions/issues that apply to a lot of different contexts. Of the four problems…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The "win-win" genAI answer engines should strive for

Tim O'Reilly wrote a concept-rich piece that I found incredibly novel and refreshing. Lots of ideas in Tim's article, and the one that stuck is best captured here: "... in the long term, if people stop…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The weirdness of AI mistakes

Bruce Schneier and Nathan Sanders penned an insightful opinion piece in IEEE Spectrum (link in comments), specifically in the context of security, but with broader applicability. Millions of users of genAI…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

DOC Debate

The first evening at DOC, we got Reid Hoffman, Mike Krieger, Anitha Kannan, Neil Parikh debating whether AI will replace doctors, with Jordan Shlain, MD as moderator. Two versions of Anthropic's Claude…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Paleo-robots and toilet paper

In my daily newsletter from MIT Technology Review today, there was a (paywalled) story about paleo robots as models of prehistoric animals: "In the last few years, paleontologists have developed a new trick…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Turing Test for AI Chatbots

Here is a clever experiment, and one with interesting implications for AI-human interactions. But should we be really surprised that what is essentially a sampler of (a large percentage of all English) written…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI and illusions of understanding in scientific research

An article in Nature today (behind paywall, Artificial intelligence and illusions of understanding in scientific research) raises some interesting issues and questions about the use of hashtagai and…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Founder Mode

Delusional. If you need "founder mode" at a $82bn (market cap) company to make its customer service work, something is wrong. I am obviously not talking about Twitter, sorry, X since it is worth a lot less…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

It is not about math vs. literature

In a conversation with economist Tyler Cowen last month, Peter Thiel expresses his view that hashtagLLMs will make things "worse for the math people than the word people." He continues: "What people have told…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Alexis II: Fresh and relevant: Alexis de Tocqueville and Simone Weil

I am on a roll. Two French intellectuals/philosophers analyzed the world around them almost 200 years ago (Tocqueville: Democracy in America, 1835 French and 1838 English) and 75 years ago (Weil: On the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

We need a Journal of Disappointing Results

I recently had the privilege of hearing about an unpublished study that would save (academic, corporate or nonprofit) scientists in the field a lot of misery if they knew about it. But the study “failed” in…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Self-Verifying and Mutually Verifying Agents reduce hallucinations and false results

The ability to create agentic workflows that can call tools and LLMs (Large Language Models) is opening up a universe of possibilities (and dangers too, but that’s for another post). Among them is verification…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Karpathy-level fatigue

In the first week of January 2026, I have finally caught up with Andrej Karpathy: I am overwhelmed. I have crossed a threshold that I don't know how to uncross: I am spending more than 5 hours daily trying to…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Aha moments as percolation transitions

There is the occasional interdisciplinary physics paper that I find insightful and this is one of them: Nonuniversality for crossword puzzle percolation, by Alexander Hartmann of the Carl von Ossietzky…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

https://thehardthing.substack.com/p/hundreds-of-daily-decisions

Anna Marie Wagner and Christina Agapakis thank you for this! When I read Ted Chiang's article last September I thought it was really weak and disappointing as an argument for why AI can't make art (although I…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

MCP Night

Right off the heels of Anthropic’s announcement that it is “donating the Model Context Protocol (MCP) to the Agentic AI Foundation (AAIF), a directed fund under the Linux Foundation, co-founded by Anthropic,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Naïve Ng

What an incredibly naive statement Andrew Ng , that we will see it coming when AI wants to deceive us. AI is already deceiving us in so many ways, from social algorithms (think TikTok) that lead to addiction…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Agent-based modeling (ABM) and randomized clinical trials (RCTs)

Here is a nice opinion piece in PNAS by Ross Hammond and Shari Barkin that makes a strong case for combining ABM and RCTs to alleviate the intrinsic limitations of RCTs, particularly when interactions between…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Use Cases

An interesting strategy+business article ( has an intriguing set of estimates of hashtaggenAI impact on operating profit margins in a variety of industries. There is so much to criticize. For example, this is…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Discovering state-of-the-art reinforcement learning algorithms

An important Nature paper by a Google DeepMind team (first author Junhyuk Oh) became available online unedited to accelerate the dissemination of ideas: this paper shows that Reinforcement Learning (RL)…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Emergent misalignment

Cool Springer Nature article on "emergent misalignment" (Training large language models on narrow tasks can lead to broad misalignment, Jan Betley, Niels Warncke, Anna Sztyber, Daniel Tan, Xuchan Bao,Martín…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Mass Intelligence

Ethan Mollick doesn't need more publicity... but I think this is important: genAI is empowering "the masses" to do things that were out of reach before, not just experts and nerds . What they produce may not…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The logical next step: AI compute for Universal Basic Income

I hadn't thought of it but AI compute as part of your compensation package kind of makes sense if you are working in AI (and let's be honest, who is not working in AI? Just kidding but I do live in the Bay…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AIgent-Based Modeling

AI hashtagagents have been around for quite some time ("multi-agent systems" are one classical embodiment), but of course in 2024 hashtagLLM Agents are all the rage. With the explosion of hashtagagentic…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The anthropomorphization of AI and the AI-fication of humans

In last week's issue of Science Magazine, Melanie Mitchell reminded us that the narratives we weave depend crucially on the metaphors we use to describe a situation, an event, a concept, a tool, or hashtagAI.…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Three?

Oh me . . . The protagonist student (who today would be called a user) knows that +4 is not 3. Therein lies a lesson that applies to LLMs and other blackboxy contraptions: you better have knowledge of the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Super-long Prompts

A set of recent experiments with large language models (hashtagLLM) such as hashtagchatGPT suggest that using super-long prompts that contain up to hundreds or even thousands of examples outperforms…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Evaluation is what matters

In continuing with the idea (or my theory) that the ability to evaluate/critique/curate the output is the critical skill required to extract value out of hashtaggenAI (more so than prompting), once again Ethan…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Assembly Theory

After seeing Hector Zenil's most recent preprint on arXiv ( not being aware of the history behind the animosity (see blog link below), I thought it was a hit piece on the team behind Assembly Theory. Even…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Now for a different kind of LLM benchmark!

Of course this caught my attention: LLMs and Swarm Intelligence! According to this study by a team from Renmin University of China, LLMs differ significantly in decentralized swarm scenarios based on their…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Lots of yummy quotables at Human[X] this week, Part III

Perhaps my biggest source of quotables came (unexpectedly?) from You.com's brilliant founder and CEO Richard Socher during his hashtaghumanx Q&A session. In order of appearance during the session: 1⃣ He said…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Kahneman

Daniel Kahneman passed away at 0. He was not just a 2002 Nobel laureate in economics and the co-creator with the late Amos Tversky of some of the most insightful (and simple) psychology experiments that paved…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Behavioral Drives

Very cool article in Science Magazine (Luke D. Fannin (Dartmouth College), Chalachew Seyoum (University of Arizona), Vivek Venkataraman (University of Calgary), Justin Yeakel (yay Santa Fe Institute!!),…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

H Company

Sorry to be the Grinch here, but while this technology looks impressive, the example you chose for your demo video, Charles A. Kantor, is highly problematic. Ask any recruiter or anyone who has ever used…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Luck and skill 1

Without any particular target in mind (or too many to list ), I like to remind myself on occasion that outsized success is not usually a consequence of outsized skill and talent but of outsized risk taking and…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Mathematical Exploration

Fascinating preprint by some reasonably credible mathematicians (Terence Tao, Javier Gómez-Serrano) working with Google DeepMind's Bogdan Georgiev and Adam Zsolt Wagner: MATHEMATICAL EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Lots of yummy quotables at Human[X] this week, Part IV

I'll end this series of yummy quotables with Mistral AI's founder and CEO Arthur Mensch. Arthur is very serious (in public), so here are two serious takes from his fireside chat: 1⃣ "LLMs are not intrinsically…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Thomas Insel on chatbots

A nuanced post well worth reading about chatbots and mental health from someone who knows a little bit about the space, Thomas Insel MD. 1⃣ The idea of mental health chatbots as first line/triage/gateway: "It…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

hashtagFairness is hard, hashtagAI or not

Every time I think of ways to make decisions fairer, I realize very quickly that fairness is not a one-dimensional concept, in fact it is a high-dimensional, multi-faceted ball of complexity. Not only may…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

ANDY CLARK rather than (or together with) JONY IVE

A lot of reactions yesterday about the acqui-partnership between OpenAI and Jony Ive. But after I came across (thank you Carmen!) this short comment in Nature Communications ( by Andy Clark, one of the best…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The best market days?

Not disagreeing with the conclusion ("stay invested") but the "missing the 10 best days" argument always makes me laugh. So I decided to calculate the annualized returns when missing the worst trading days. It…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Prey Survey Part II

As we say on LinkedIn, I am hashtaghumbled and hashtaghonored to have been voted the most Eric Bonabeau lookalike by hysterical hordes of fans in one of the most hashtaglandslide way possible. The pluralistic…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Lie to persuade

Fascinating article in Science on "The levers of political persuasion with conversational artificial intelligence" by a multidisciplinary team (Kobi Hackenburg, Ben Tappin, Luke Hewitt, Ed Saunders, Sid Black,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Lie to persuade

Fascinating article in Science on "The levers of political persuasion with conversational artificial intelligence" by a multidisciplinary team (Kobi Hackenburg, Ben Tappin, Luke Hewitt, Ed Saunders, Sid Black,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Machines of Loving Grace

Dario Amodei's article "Machines of Loving Grace", with a title inspired by Richard Brautigan's 167 poem, is a great read. Introducing himself as a "perceived pessimist" is a little bit of a strawman... but I…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Winning at bullshit

The delightfully named Bullshit Benchmark (really the BS Detection Benchmark) by Peter Gostev is really worth looking at. Yet another benchmark you say? Another benchmark, yes, but one that addresses how LLM…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

"Humans are not great at exceptions, but we are still, at least for now, better than machines"

An interesting statement made by Erik Brynjolfsson during his AI, Science and Society Conference hashtagAIActionSummit at École Polytechnique/Institut Polytechnique de Paris. The "at least for now" part. Erik…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Food Printing

I will come back to the topic of food printing in the context of generative thinking -and, of course, generative AI. That was the reason behind our first (2005) foray into food printing and the premise of…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The Bonabeau enterprise

My family's terrible sense of (market) timing must be genetic... ... I think. I found this surprising stock certificate for the Bonabeau Enterprise (I had no idea there was such as thing) dated 15 January 12.…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Daron Acemoglu’s paper

Thank you Kes Sampanthar for your read on this paper. All the assumptions made by Daron, all the things he neglects, suggest a linear approximation whereby he applies a very short term gradient (most gains…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

From LLMs to LTMs?

A Perspectives article from June 2024 is making the case, as its title indicates, for language as a tool for communication rather than thought. Regardless of where you fall on this longstanding philosophical…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Diverging Values

A fascinating (and a little scary) study on variance in values across 76 countries: Not surprisingly, homosexuality, euthanasia, divorce top the diverged leaderboard. The leading converged values: more…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

When I was a rockstar

Fine, I never was, but I found this intro from James Fallows in March 2011 that comes as close as it gets to the proof of the possibility that I could have been in another life. Jim had introduced me to the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Jagged Thresholds

Ethan Mollick 's post on capability thresholds (distributed unevenly) greatly clarifies the concept of jagged frontier: thousands or millions of human "tasks" that seem equally difficult to a human can have…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Thinking Machines... Lab

This is a very interesting development coming out of Thinking Machines Lab, Mira Murati's company. But what caught my attention when following the link is that Danny Hillis is cited right at the top of the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI and Mental Health

A short Science Magazine review worth reading (sadly not Open Access) by Nils Opel and Michael Breakspear "Transforming mental health research and care through artificial intelligence." There have been…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Mikhail Belkin

An exciting article from (the always insightful) Mikhail Belkin and colleagues got its first release in Science Magazine a few days ago (paywall). A preprint version from May 2023 is available ( The main…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

AI for fusion

Ok, a little different from food printing. A Nature article today adds to the inflection point that AI is creating in science and engineering advances. One of the big (multiple) obstacles to achieve fusion…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Managers...

So it looks like the way I appropriated this quote is: "Managers would rather live with a problem they can't solve than with a solution they don't understand", according to GovExec: But, unsurprisingly, I…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Hallucinations part III

I have found surprisingly few mentions of this so far, but I am sure (I hope) it will become obvious: the future belongs to critical thinkers and curators, humans who can detect the relevant patterns but not…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Humans are still valuable after all (to other humans, that is)

The CEO of Klarna, the famous F̶i̶r̶e̶ ̶N̶o̶w̶,̶ ̶R̶e̶h̶i̶r̶e̶ ̶L̶a̶t̶e̶r̶ Buy Now, Pay Later fintech company, said in an on-stage interview at SXSW London that "offering human customer service is always going…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

A different take on the homework machine

If you have never read, or don't know about, Shel Silverstein's The Homework Machine (from the book of poems A Light in the Attic, first published by Harper & Row Junior Books in 181), here it is. 44 years…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Evaluation I

Matt Watson I am reaching the same conclusion but with a twist. The ability to evaluate the output is what matters most: if I can look at the output code and determine whether or not it does what I want…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Deadly Sins

A recent (humorous) post by Eduardo Ordax brought back memories of my 2004 Harvard Business Review article "The Perils of the Imitation Age", where I quoted (then fashionable) former Fed Chair Alan Greenspan,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Chollet

Not that I am that excited (or end-of-the-world worried) about hashtagAGI, but I agree wholeheartedly with François Chollet that "hashtagLLMs have sucked the oxygen out of the room." OpenAI's hashtagchatgpt…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Hallucinations part I

A great take on hashtaggenAI hallucinations by Colin F. "Hallucinations", however we define the concept, are a core property (and perhaps the core value proposition) of LLMs and genAI systems. My view: Trying…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Hallucinations part II

I should add to my earlier post about Colin F.'s blog on hashtagLLM and hashtaggenAI hallucinations that (the always interesting) Andrej Karpathy is enthusiastically embracing the idea of hallucinations being…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

5. Sensitivity to Parameters

Field of view (k): A moderate view size (e.g., k=5) balances environmental awareness and perceptual complexity, optimizing performance for most tasks. Group size (N): Larger groups improve tasks like Transport…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Reid Hoffman interview

Reid Hoffman I particularly like your "blind spot" comment. In venture capital there is a (very human) tendency to look for things that have "worked in the past" while at the same time pretending to support…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Cassie Kozyrkov

is a unique human being in the world of AI. A "recovering statistician", she wonders who decides that something should be measured, worth applying statistics to, that something matters. That applies to the…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

With Hod

Some 18 years ago, with Hod Lipson, we were dreaming up a 3d printer/food replicator that would one day be on everyone's kitchen countertop, just like a food processor. You would buy the ingredient cartridges,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Bill Viola

Bill Viola, the "Rembrandt of the video age", passed away on July 12th after a long struggle with Alzheimer's Disease. I encountered his work for the first time at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 17. It…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Techbio Foundation Models

Thank you Compound and Dr. Shelby for maintaining this repository of hashtagtechbio foundation models. I don't know whether to be excited by a Cambrian explosion of LLMs for bio or deflated by the emerging…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Frank Bruni

As I am (obviously) going through a late-mid-life crisis and also through my archives in a hopeless attempt to de-clutter, I find little nuggets from the past. Here a pic with the amazing NYT journalist Frank…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Prompt injections in the physical world

Prompt injections in the physical world are not as far-fetched as you might think. When input data is code, sht will hit the fan. Worth reading the article by Luis Burbano, Diego Ortiz Barbosa, Qi (Laura) Sun,…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Who is using AI to code?

Science paper ( with unsurprising but specific results. The authors measured the fraction of Python functions in more than 30 million GitHub commits from 160k software developers they could detect were…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Used Meta AI to edit a selfie, now Instagram is using my face on ads targeted at me

... that's a quote from Redditor GreenVideo831 ( We have William Gibson's old joke to be grateful for ( The future is already here, [thank goodness] it is just unevenly distributed. ("Thank goodness" not part…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

What IS Formal Analyses?

Bonabeau circa 2014, attempting to explain Minerva University's Formal Analyses curriculum to our first prospective cohort. And with that, the famous "What IS Formal Analyses?" What a blast, 2013-2016, for…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The Fear That Originality Is No Longer Possible

Day 2 in John Koenig's rabbit hole, The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, another concept that resonates in the age of AI everywhere. Now the PhD student's nightmare is widely shared. Pax latrina I recently…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Reward hacking (or "whatever works").

Don't forget to state the constraints or your chatbot (or Claude Code) will find shady shortcuts and loopholes. When you live in flatland, shortcuts abound in the third dimension. Sadly, the infinite richness…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

4. Communication Effectiveness

Communication plays a minor role compared to physical dynamics. Features like message length and semantic consistency show weak correlations with task success. Models differ in their communication styles, with…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

3. Behavioral Dynamics

High behavioral variability (e.g., entropy in actions) correlates positively with performance, suggesting that flexibility in decision-making aids coordination. Excessive movement or persistent alignment…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Open-Endedness

Open-Endedness: From Computational Mechanisms to Existential Implications

Open-endedness represents perhaps the most profound challenge in computational science: how do systems transcend their initial constraints to generate genuinely novel, complex, and meaningful structures? This…

14 min · Open-Endedness
Open-Endedness

Open-Endedness from a Computational Perspective

Open-endedness has emerged as a fundamental concept across multiple computational domains, representing systems' capacity for continuous novelty generation, unbounded complexity growth, and non-convergent…

12 min · Open-Endedness
Biotech & Pharma

The Chorus Revolution: How Eli Lilly's Virtual R&D Unit Redefined Pharmaceutical Productivity

Eli Lilly's Chorus unit, established in 2002, emerged as one of the most successful innovations in pharmaceutical R&D productivity, achieving 3-10x productivity improvements over traditional development models…

11 min · Biotech & Pharma
Open-Endedness

Open-Endedness from a Computational Perspective: A Conceptual Taxonomy

Open-endedness represents one of the most profound and elusive concepts in computational science, spanning domains from artificial life to creative systems. Rather than focusing on specific algorithms, this…

9 min · Open-Endedness
Open-Endedness

Pask's Electrochemical Pioneers: Self-Organization and Open-Ended Evolution

Gordon Pask's electrochemical devices represent one of the most remarkable achievements in cybernetics and early artificial life research. Between the 150s and 160s, Pask constructed genuinely self-organizing…

8 min · Open-Endedness
Open-Endedness

Gordon Pask's Evolved Ear and the Grounding Problem

Gordon Pask's electrochemical devices from the 150s and 160s are entirely unique in AI history because they challenged conventional computational orthodoxy by demonstrating that complex intelligence,…

6 min · Open-Endedness
Biotech & Pharma

Can protein expression be ‘solved’?

That’s the title of a great Trends in Biotechnology article led by @the align foundation’s @erika debenedictis. I loved the preprint, I am thrilled to see it published. The Align Foundation is a @schmidt…

4 min · Biotech & Pharma
Complexity & Simulation

Da Vinci, Fukushima, the aerial screw and the neocognitron

I saw a post by @juergen schmidhuber recently ( that gave me pause. About convolutional neural networks and the neocognitron, a 17-80 neural network architecture by the Japanese scientist Kunihiko Fukushima (…

3 min · Complexity & Simulation
Biotech & Pharma

Is it time to retire druglikeness?

I was struck by a statement I read today about a Techbio company that "uses large language models to create billions of druglike molecules". I have nothing against this company and I think they do very…

2 min · Biotech & Pharma
Senses & Perception

Don’t Judge an Article by Its Title

I was heartbroken when Harvard Business Review editors decided to title my 2003 article “Don’t Trust Your Gut” ( certainly a buzzier catchphrase than “How To Leverage Your Intuition With Analytics” or other…

2 min · Senses & Perception
Biology

It's like saying that everything in the Mona Lisa depends on the paint.

That's my favorite quote from Derek Lowe's Science opinion, "The End of Disease". And Derek was kind enough to collect links to all his AI-based drug discovery opinions from the past few years, a treasure…

2 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

Full-Stack AI companies

I am sure many have seen this Y Combinator's Summer 2025 Request for Startups by Jared Friedman. When I founded Icosystem in 2000, I had this exact concept in mind: if we can do analytics and machine learning…

2 min · Biotech & Pharma
Biology

Exploration gene

Scientists from the University of Basel in Switzerland studied the exploratory behavior of different species of cichlid fish from Africa’s Lake Tanganyika. The 240 species found in the lake evolved from the…

2 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

AI in the biotech/pharma R&D productivity equation

As Insilico Medicine has released fascinating R&D benchmarks ( I find it useful to get back to basics to understand the fundamentals. Borrowing from what I consider the gold standard in defining it (2010…

2 min · Biotech & Pharma
Complexity & Simulation

Da Vinci, Fukushima, the aerial screw and the neocognitron

I saw a post by Jürgen Schmidhuber recently (all links in comments) that gave me pause . About convolutional neural networks and the neocognitron, a 17-80 neural network architecture by the Japanese scientist…

2 min · Complexity & Simulation
Human + Machine

Augment and Invent

In a recent substack post ( the always insightful Rishad Tobaccowala presents "10 thoughts about AI, Humans and Work in 10 minutes". They are all worth pondering (although I would not invoke Suleyman in 3) but…

2 min · Human + Machine
Biotech & Pharma

Chemical space(s), a concept still evolving, part II

Or, evolving on chemical space(s)! The appeal of the concept for me comes from the fact that the topology of a chemical space (the "construction operators") and its boundary conditions are so natural to map to…

2 min · Biotech & Pharma
Biology

Reading Derek Lowe with Perplexity

Always stimulated by Derek Lowe's writings (in spite of an average 50% agreement rate), I tried (a condensed version of) his OpenAI Deep Research prompt on the toxic effects of thalidomide with Perplexity Deep…

2 min · Biology
Human + Machine

Reverse Centaurs

What sounded like a (half-)joke by Joanna Maciejewska ( a little less than two years ago feels a bit more urgent today. Obviously, it resonated then with a lot of people, generating 3.3M views on X and…

2 min · Human + Machine
Biology

A More Robust Measure of Gut Imbalance?

An intriguing article ("Imbalance in gut microbial interactions as a marker of health and disease", Roberto Corral López, Juan Bonachela, Maria Gloria Dominguez Bello, Michael Manhart, Simon Levin, Martin…

2 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

This compound looks too much like a detergent

Great post by Ash Jogalekar. Drug discovery is still a prime example of "competence without comprehension" ( we build things that work without always understanding how or why. When a mechanism of action (MOA)…

2 min · Biotech & Pharma
Senses & Perception

The verification bottleneck

Anastasia Borovykh, you are right, humans are good at "taste", knowing what is interesting or not, distinguishing what's meaningful from what is just truth without meaning. Human taste is found at the two end…

2 min · Senses & Perception
Biology

Discovering Intermediates in Biosynthetic Pathways that have Interesting Properties

An interesting take from one of the most brilliant minds of microbiology, Itzhak Mizrahi. I love the paper he is highlighting, the results are impressive and exciting, it took a lot of "fundamental…

2 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

Elliot Hershberg unpacked

So there is a lot to unpack in Elliot's latest post. To be clear, I am not trying to unpack Elliot but his post . TL;DR: disruption is here, commoditization is coming and the nexus (or nexi, nexuses?) of value…

2 min · Biotech & Pharma
Human + Machine

The great value migration

A useful preprint (Future of Work with AI Agents: Auditing Automation and Augmentation Potential across the U.S. Workforce; by Stanford University's Yijia Shao, Humishka Zope , Yucheng Jiang, Jiaxin Pei, David…

2 min · Human + Machine
Complexity & Simulation

Olfaction

I love this introduction to scent design by Taylor Rayne at Asimov Press (Scent, in silico, and the role that machine learning and genAI is playing in the field's recent advances: Google DeepMind's Principal…

2 min · Complexity & Simulation
Biology

SleepFM

Super-interesting Nature Medicine article (A multimodal sleep foundation model for disease prediction, link in comments) from a team supervised by Emmanuel JM Mignot and James Zou at Stanford University…

1 min · Biology
Biology

Generative 3D printing

Some folks are wondering why all of a sudden their LinkedIn feed is inundated with my posts and in particular a picture of a much younger-looking Bonabeau eating a 3D-printed appetizer in a weird T-shirt. Both…

1 min · Biology
Biology

Food printing

Some folks are wondering why all of a sudden their LinkedIn feed is inundated with my posts and in particular a picture of a much younger-looking Bonabeau eating a 3D-printed appetizer in a weird T-shirt. Both…

1 min · Biology
Biology

What is Life?

I just received Blaise Aguera y Arcas's wonderful little treasure, 'What is Life?", a play on Erwin Schrödinger's opus of the same title, published as the first tome of the Antikythera series as part of…

1 min · Biology
Biology

The cell is not a soup

A recent fantastic Science Magazine article by a group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology led by Richard Young and Henry Kilgore of the Whitehead Institute and Regina Barzilay of MIT Computer Science…

1 min · Biology
Biology

Predicting Disease Trajectories

Intriguing article by a team led by Moritz Gerstung (DKFZ German Cancer Research Center), Tom Fitzgerald and Ewan Birney (European Bioinformatics Institute EMBL-EBI Hinxton, UK) reporting on the use of…

1 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

Lots of yummy quotables at Human[X] this week, Part I

The eminently quotable Alex Zhavoronkov, the fearless founder and CEO of Insilico Medicine, presented at hashtaghumanx on the same day Insilico announced $110m in funding ( to propel it to a Hong Kong IPO and…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Biology

Disentangled latent variables in the hippocampus

Ok, that is my short summary interpretation (for AI nerds) of an intriguing article by a Cedars-Sinai-led team. From the abstract: "Here we characterized the representational geometry of populations of neurons…

1 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

The Phase II wall is the next monumental challenge for AI

Spurred by a conversation with Reid Hoffman at DOC, I dug out Phase II clinical trial success rates (Pts) since the 10s (I used public data for this as a good first approximation). Here is the trend line over…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Biotech & Pharma

BioTechBio

This is a post by Nathan Benaich worth reading for anyone interested in hashtagAI and hashtagdrugdiscovery. The important TL;DR is that there is a lot to be excited about in spite of the recent failures of…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Biology

How to Build the Virtual Cell with Artificial Intelligence

Now that the article is out and Open Access on Cell, I am reposting a comment I made a few months ago about a super interesting preprint, "How to Build the Virtual Cell with Artificial Intelligence: Priorities…

1 min · Biology
Biotech & Pharma

There is something missing in the conversation about AI drugs

You can always count on Derek Lowe for an incisive (meaning, with tooth) analysis of a half-baked paper with a promising title ( While Derek focuses on the paper's poorly defined categories (can a target…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Evolution & Life

Competence without Comprehension

In 2011, I had the privilege of guest writing James Fallows' blog on The Atlantic for one week. One of the posts was about Darwin's "Strange Inversion of Reasoning" (the title of a 200 PNAS paper or…

1 min · Evolution & Life
Biotech & Pharma

Wing@JPM

Fantastic JPM26 Wing Venture Capital event with the inimitable Rajeev Chand touch! No attribution but a few tidbits: - Immigrants get the job done (tongue in cheek, wonder who might have said that ) - Patent…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Biology

Winner-take-all molecular network

Great article with a misleading title: "A synthetic protein-level neural network in mammalian cells" (Science Magazine: free bioRxiv & medRxiv preprint: The premise that cells are (fast) information-processing…

1 min · Biology
Innovation & Discovery

Cambrian explosion in innovation

Allie K. Miller is pointing to the trigger point of a Cambrian explosion in innovation. People (myself included) have been criticizing the "chatbot interface" but it turns out that it is a super effective way…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Biology

Protein Data Bank

It is important to recognize the crucial role played by large, well-organized data in the emergence of powerful AI methods. ImageNet is widely considered a catalyst for the sudden success of deep learning and…

1 min · Biology
The newsletter

New connections, in your inbox

One irregular dispatch when a new piece lands: notes on AI, evolution, complexity, and the biology of discovery. No noise.

Delivered with Buttondown · unsubscribe anytime