Field · 26 posts

Innovation & Discovery

Where new things come from. Below, everything that touches this field, including pieces that live mostly in neighboring territory.

The collection

All of Innovation & Discovery

Innovation & Discovery

Thinking, super slow, about Danny

I was hit hard by learning about Danny Kahneman's very deliberate decision to end his life by assisted suicide in Switzerland last year (Danny's former collaborator on the book "Thinking, Fast and Slow" and…

3 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Proving a theorem is a one-way function

With all the healthy chatter about "verifiability" ignited by Andrej Karpathy, I want to point out that even if "verifying" (a program) can be hard, it is still easier than coming up with a good idea for a…

2 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Dating and Serendipity

I have been thinking about dating for 25 years. As in, how does someone find the right partner for their life? Incidentally, I found mine on a dating app AFTER meeting her in real life, which made for an…

2 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Serendipity, penicilin and the prepared mind

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicilin is a classic example of serendipitous discovery. "Fleming kept a messy lab. He left petri dishes, microbes and nearly everything else higgledy-piggledy on his lab…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Serendipity, penicilin and the prepared mind

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicilin is a classic example of serendipitous discovery. "Fleming kept a messy lab. He left petri dishes, microbes and nearly everything else higgledy-piggledy on his lab…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

The prepared mind favors chance

Serendipity has been, and still is, a most intriguing concept to me, central to my philosophy of life as well as to pretty much all my research -both as a topic AND as an engine of progress. The core principle…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Weak(er) serendipity in Fleming's discovery?

As a serendipity engineer, I am always looking for examples of discoveries made serendipitously. The quintessential example is Alexander Fleming's stumbling upon penicillin, a discovery of monumental import to…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

The creativity of mathematical conjectures

In a recent perspective in Nature, Thomas Fink of the London Institute for Mathematical Sciences makes an interesting case for why the creativity of (good or great) mathematicians is, and will remain for some…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Cambrian explosion in innovation

Allie K. Miller is pointing to the trigger point of a Cambrian explosion in innovation. People (myself included) have been criticizing the "chatbot interface" but it turns out that it is a super effective way…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

AHA

The conviction that hashtagserendipity can be, if not systematized, at least harnessed for augmented scientific discovery, has fueled my (obviously nonlinear) professional trajectory. As we saw with Fleming's…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Biases as Sampling Limitations

Understanding Cognitive Biases Through a Sampling Limitations Framework: A Comprehensive Review and Theoretical Integration Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework that…

34 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive One-Way Functions

A one-way function is a fundamental concept in cryptography that's relatively easy to compute in one direction but extremely difficult to reverse. Let me explain with an example: Think of mixing paint colors -…

26 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Recall vs Recognition

Here’s a clear comparison between recall and recognition, showing their differences in task demands and neuro-cognitive mechanisms. 1. Example Tasks Type Example Task Cognitive Demand --- --- --- Free Recall…

18 min · Artificial Intelligence
Biotech & Pharma

The Chorus Revolution: How Eli Lilly's Virtual R&D Unit Redefined Pharmaceutical Productivity

Eli Lilly's Chorus unit, established in 2002, emerged as one of the most successful innovations in pharmaceutical R&D productivity, achieving 3-10x productivity improvements over traditional development models…

11 min · Biotech & Pharma
Evolution & Life

Fitness Beats Truth

The original “fitness beats truth” (FBT) theorems do not require an explicit assumption that “seeking truth is costly.” The key requirement, instead, is that evolution favors any perceptual or cognitive…

9 min · Evolution & Life
Open-Endedness

The Future Belongs to Curators

Based on the handwritten notes in the image, the text is organized into a large mind map titled "The Future Belongs to Curators". Here is a detailed extraction of all the notes, grouped by their apparent…

4 min · Open-Endedness
Artificial Intelligence

AI Solves Million-Step Math Problems

That's the title of a short IEEE Spectrum piece ( and a case in point as a second follow-up to Hugging Face's Thomas Wolf's post on how mediocre current hashtagAI systems, particularly hashtagLLMs, are at…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Complexity & Simulation

Da Vinci, Fukushima, the aerial screw and the neocognitron

I saw a post by @juergen schmidhuber recently ( that gave me pause. About convolutional neural networks and the neocognitron, a 17-80 neural network architecture by the Japanese scientist Kunihiko Fukushima (…

3 min · Complexity & Simulation
Artificial Intelligence

ACH

Jeremy Levin, my biggest issue with ACH has always been how flippantly the "CH" part of it has been treated compared to the quasi-monopolistic focus on the "A": where do the competing hypotheses come from, how…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The future belongs to curators!

In his 60 minutes interview with Anderson Cooper two years ago, legendary music producer Rick Rubin gave viewers, as usual, incredible insights into his success and also about the future (of humans and AI).…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Proving a theorem is a one-way function

With all the healthy chatter about "verifiability" ignited by Andrej Karpathy, I want to point out that even if "verifying" (a program) can be hard, it is still easier than coming up with a good idea for a…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The lazy and the curious

I don't know Lauren Ducrey but she recently posted what I think is the most concise summary of the uses of hashtaggenAI: "This is my biggest question when I'm using AI: Am I being lazy or am I being curious?"…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

It is not about math vs. literature

In a conversation with economist Tyler Cowen last month, Peter Thiel expresses his view that hashtagLLMs will make things "worse for the math people than the word people." He continues: "What people have told…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Biotech & Pharma

There is something missing in the conversation about AI drugs

You can always count on Derek Lowe for an incisive (meaning, with tooth) analysis of a half-baked paper with a promising title ( While Derek focuses on the paper's poorly defined categories (can a target…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Artificial Intelligence

Daron Acemoglu’s paper

Thank you Kes Sampanthar for your read on this paper. All the assumptions made by Daron, all the things he neglects, suggest a linear approximation whereby he applies a very short term gradient (most gains…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Hallucinations part III

I have found surprisingly few mentions of this so far, but I am sure (I hope) it will become obvious: the future belongs to critical thinkers and curators, humans who can detect the relevant patterns but not…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
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