Field · 28 posts

Innovation & Discovery

Where new things come from. Below, everything that touches this field, including pieces that live mostly in neighboring territory.

The collection

All of Innovation & Discovery

Innovation & Discovery

Proving a theorem is a one-way function

With all the healthy chatter about "verifiability" ignited by Andrej Karpathy, I want to point out that even if "verifying" (a program) can be hard, it is still easier than coming up with a good idea for a…

2 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Dating and Serendipity

I have been thinking about dating for 25 years. As in, how does someone find the right partner for their life? Incidentally, I found mine on a dating app AFTER meeting her in real life, which made for an…

2 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Serendipity, penicilin and the prepared mind

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicilin is a classic example of serendipitous discovery. "Fleming kept a messy lab. He left petri dishes, microbes and nearly everything else higgledy-piggledy on his lab…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Serendipity, penicilin and the prepared mind

Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicilin is a classic example of serendipitous discovery. "Fleming kept a messy lab. He left petri dishes, microbes and nearly everything else higgledy-piggledy on his lab…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

The prepared mind favors chance

Serendipity has been, and still is, a most intriguing concept to me, central to my philosophy of life as well as to pretty much all my research -both as a topic AND as an engine of progress. The core principle…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Weak(er) serendipity in Fleming's discovery?

As a serendipity engineer, I am always looking for examples of discoveries made serendipitously. The quintessential example is Alexander Fleming's stumbling upon penicillin, a discovery of monumental import to…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

The creativity of mathematical conjectures

In a recent perspective in Nature, Thomas Fink of the London Institute for Mathematical Sciences makes an interesting case for why the creativity of (good or great) mathematicians is, and will remain for some…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

Cambrian explosion in innovation

Allie K. Miller is pointing to the trigger point of a Cambrian explosion in innovation. People (myself included) have been criticizing the "chatbot interface" but it turns out that it is a super effective way…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Innovation & Discovery

AHA

The conviction that serendipity can be, if not systematized, at least harnessed for augmented scientific discovery, has fueled my (obviously nonlinear) professional trajectory. As we saw with Fleming's…

1 min · Innovation & Discovery
Artificial Intelligence

Cognitive Biases as Sampling Limitations

Understanding Cognitive Biases Through a Sampling Limitations Framework: A Comprehensive Review and Theoretical Integration Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive theoretical framework that…

34 min · Artificial Intelligence
Biotech & Pharma

The Chorus Revolution: How Eli Lilly's Virtual R&D Unit Redefined Pharmaceutical Productivity

Eli Lilly's Chorus unit, established in 2002, emerged as one of the most successful innovations in pharmaceutical R&D productivity, achieving 3-10x productivity improvements over traditional development models…

11 min · Biotech & Pharma
Evolution & Life

Fitness Beats Truth

The original “fitness beats truth” (FBT) theorems do not require an explicit assumption that “seeking truth is costly.” The key requirement, instead, is that evolution favors any perceptual or cognitive…

9 min · Evolution & Life
Cognitive Science

Recall vs Recognition

Recall and recognition are two ways of retrieving the same stored information, and they differ sharply in how much work they demand. Recall means producing a target from memory with little or no external cue.…

6 min · Cognitive Science
Open-Endedness

The Future Belongs to Curators

Based on the handwritten notes in the image, the text is organized into a large mind map titled "The Future Belongs to Curators". Here is a detailed extraction of all the notes, grouped by their apparent…

4 min · Open-Endedness
Artificial Intelligence

AI Solves Million-Step Math Problems

That's the title of a short IEEE Spectrum piece ( and a case in point as a second follow-up to Hugging Face's Thomas Wolf's post on how mediocre current AI systems, particularly LLMs, are at asking…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

@scott belsky

“More people: 100x more people will gain the confidence to express their ideas visually and engage with creative tools again (most of whom abandoned drawing as children and never attempted creativity again).…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Hallucinations part I

A great take on genAI hallucinations by Colin F. "Hallucinations", however we define the concept, are a core property (and perhaps the core value proposition) of LLMs and genAI systems. My view: Trying to root…

3 min · Artificial Intelligence
Complexity & Simulation

Da Vinci, Fukushima, the aerial screw and the neocognitron

I saw a post by @juergen schmidhuber recently ( that gave me pause. About convolutional neural networks and the neocognitron, a 1979-80 neural network architecture by the Japanese scientist Kunihiko Fukushima…

3 min · Complexity & Simulation
Artificial Intelligence

The future belongs to curators!

In his 60 minutes interview with Anderson Cooper two years ago, legendary music producer Rick Rubin gave viewers, as usual, incredible insights into his success and also about the future (of humans and AI).…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Proving a theorem is a one-way function

With all the healthy chatter about "verifiability" ignited by Andrej Karpathy, I want to point out that even if "verifying" (a program) can be hard, it is still easier than coming up with a good idea for a…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Raffi Krikorian this is great!

Raffi Krikorian this is great! Gen AI can "generate" (an infinite amount of) novel things riffing on a theme, but I am sure that humans were involved in curating what was carved into stone. That's augmented…

2 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Why Do "Nigerian" Scammers Say They are From Nigeria

? I periodically remind myself to re-read this 2012 by Cormac Herley at Microsoft, or at least the abstract. The answer to the question, in a nutshell, is that if someone responds, they are much more likely to…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

The lazy and the curious

I don't know Lauren Ducrey but she recently posted what I think is the most concise summary of the uses of genAI: "This is my biggest question when I'm using AI: Am I being lazy or am I being curious?" (Lauren…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Biotech & Pharma

There is something missing in the conversation about AI drugs

You can always count on Derek Lowe for an incisive (meaning, with tooth) analysis of a half-baked paper with a promising title ( While Derek focuses on the paper's poorly defined categories (can a target…

1 min · Biotech & Pharma
Artificial Intelligence

It is not about math vs. literature

In a conversation with economist Tyler Cowen last month, Peter Thiel expresses his view that LLMs will make things "worse for the math people than the word people." He continues: "What people have told me is…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

"But, in truth, the David who solved the K⁡(π,1) conjecture

"But, in truth, the David who solved the K⁡(π,1) conjecture is a social parasite of the much better mathematician, the David who crafted Definitions 2.4 and 9.3." A post by David Bessis (by way of Alexander…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Daron Acemoglu’s paper

Thank you Kes Sampanthar for your read on this paper. All the assumptions made by Daron, all the things he neglects, suggest a linear approximation whereby he applies a very short term gradient (most gains…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence

Vemödalen The Fear That Originality Is No Longer Possible Day 2

Vemödalen The Fear That Originality Is No Longer Possible Day 2 in John Koenig's rabbit hole, The Dictionary of Obscure Sorrows, another concept that resonates in the age of AI everywhere. Now the PhD…

1 min · Artificial Intelligence
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